Police Response to Domestic Violence Emergencies (West Midlands)
Problems addressed
Effectiveness

Promising

.

.

.

.

.

Promising

Want to know more about this classification? Check out our methodological manual.

Life periods served
Where the program was applied
Country of application
Description

This is a program for the deployment of “first-response police officers,” who are tasked with responding quickly to emergency calls related to domestic violence cases. These officers have the autonomy to decide whether to arrest the suspect immediately and at the scene. The goal is to deter future abuse and prevent retaliation against women who report domestic violence to authorities.
The program was implemented in the West Midlands, the second most populous county in England. Thanks to the priority given to domestic violence in the United Kingdom in recent years, emergency call operators treat it as a separate category. These cases are closely monitored from the moment the emergency call is made until the first responders arrive and complete their intervention on the ground.

Impact evaluations

An impact evaluation found that in flagrante delicto arrests of suspects reduced recidivism/revictimization by 51% (measured through new domestic violence emergency calls in the year following the intervention). The authors note that this reduction is not the result of a decrease in reporting due to fear of retaliation, but an actual decrease in repeat victimization. The study was based on police response to about 124,000 emergency calls related to domestic violence over 10 years.
In terms of mechanisms, the study concluded that arrest virtually eliminates the peak of revictimization that typically occurs within 48 hours of an emergency call. In other words, detention of the suspect provides a period of interregnum during a volatile and risky time, which offers better protection conditions for the victim. The authors also point to a considerable long-term deterrent effect, which is reinforced by the fact that the arrest increases the likelihood that the offender will be prosecuted for the crime [1].

Bibliographic reference

[1] Amaral, S. Dahl, G. B. Endl-Geyer, V., Hener, T. & Rainer, H. (2023). Deterrence or Backlash? Arrests and the Dynamics of Domestic Violence. IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Discussion Paper Series (IZA DP No. 15856). https://docs.iza.org/dp15856.pdf

Information source