Procedural Justice Training for Police (Mexico City)
Axios
Problems addressed
Effectiveness

Effective

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Effective

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Life periods served
Where the program was applied
Country of application
Description

This was an experiment in which police officers in Mexico City participated in a training course based on a procedural justice approach. The training was created to better prepare police officers to deal with the extremely complex, emotionally intense, and dynamic situations that police officers face on a daily basis, through the effective assimilation of the principles of procedural justice.
The training was designed to enable police officers to adjust their perceptions of citizens (emphasizing the need to maintain and foster their trust in the police) while providing them with the necessary tools to contextualize, understand, and manage complex and/or risky interactions. The objective of the course was to promote effective changes in police behavior “in the field”, in favor of types and standards of conduct that are perceived as fair, in accordance with the framework of procedural justice.
The training was divided into six modules, with a total duration of nine hours, delivered over three days. Each module was presented by an expert and conducted with the support of slides, videos, and group exercises. The training content was structured around the four principles of procedural justice:
1) Give voice: listen carefully to what citizens have to say and actively encourage them to express their opinions and perceptions;
2) Show neutrality: be aware of possible biases or stereotypes and the importance of no decision being motivated by appearance, gender, or individual preferences;
3) Treat with respect: treat everyone with equal dignity and maintain a professional demeanor, regardless of each person’s actions;
4) Cultivate trust: communicate the process and rationale for decisions or actions taken and demonstrate genuine concern for the welfare of the citizens.

Impact evaluations

A randomized controlled study conducted with 1,854 police officers found a positive impact of the training on changing officers’ perceptions and approach in terms of police behavior “in the field”. The experiment identified significant, substantial, and positive effects of such training on all measures of the procedural justice model (voice, neutrality, respect, and trustworthiness) [1].
More specifically, the authors found that the training statistically significantly increased police officers’ perceptions of procedural justice principles (4.8% above the control group average). Moreover, it was found that this change in perception also translated into changes in behavior (the appropriateness index of the actions, attitudes, and interactions of the treated police officers was, on average, 4.1% higher than the index of the control group police officers). Finally, it was also found that the training of managers in procedural justice increased the effectiveness of the training of the officers under their responsibility and that the training also had positive effects on increasing the degree of identification of the officers with their institution and their profession.
In total, a randomly selected treatment group of 966 police officers, including their managers, participated in the training program, while the remaining 888 were included in the control group (i.e., did not participate in the training).

Bibliographic reference

[1] Canales, R., Magaña, M. G., Santini, J. F., Maus, A. C. (2020). Assessing the Effectiveness of Procedural Justice Training for Police Officers: Evidence from the Mexico City Police. Working paper. Yale University. https://sites.insead.edu/facultyresearch/research/file.cfm?fid=67069

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