Community-Oriented Policing is a philosophy that emphasizes community participation in crime prevention efforts. However, its broad conceptual scope means that there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the interventions that fall within this typology, while a clear logic model and unambiguous implementation structure are lacking.

Neighborhood Watch (also known as “community surveillance“) is a strategy developed by the police and/or the residents of a given territory. The objective is to strengthen the links between the residents and the police by exchanging information about suspicious activities in the neighborhood and transmitting it more quickly to the police.

Court-mandated Batterer Intervention Programs (BIPs) refer to court-ordered interventions for batterers involved in domestic and gender-based violence cases following their arrest.

Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) programs are a type of intervention aimed at preventing the use of psychoactive substances, focusing on school-age children and adolescents. Originally conceived by the Los Angeles Police Department (USA) in 1983, this type of program seeks to warn young people of the risks associated with drug abuse and violent practices. D.A.R.E. has inspired similar initiatives in several countries (PROERD in Brazil, for example). The program has gone through different versions associated with revisions made to its curriculum over the years.

Focused Deterrence seeks to change the behavior of offenders by understanding the underlying dynamics that produce crime and the conditions that sustain recurring criminal problems, as well as implementing a combined focused strategy of law enforcement actions, community mobilization, and social services. These strategies are also known as “Pulling Levers”.

These are treatment programs for alcohol and/or drug use that involve actions developed during the fulfillment of the sentence (or compliance with alternative measures), and that may continue with a follow-up after release and reintegration into the community environment.
The programs usually involve cognitive behavioral therapy interventions and motivational interviewing techniques, in addition to other pharmacological, psychological, psychosocial, psychoeducational, and occupational approaches, among others.

Hot Spots Policing (HSP) refers to a police approach that focuses on patrolling certain micro-spaces (blocks, street corners, or squares) that disproportionately concentrate crime and display characteristics that attract criminal activity, such as a high number of potential victims, little natural surveillance, and ease of escape.

Women’s primary reasons for involvement with crime are mostly a combination of gender-based trauma and violence, substance use disorders, mental disorders, and poverty. Despite the fact that women’s characteristics, life circumstances, and needs vary significantly from those of men, criminal justice policies and practices are still overwhelmingly based on models geared toward responding to male risks and needs. In addition, women are at greater risk of violence while under arrest and after incarceration.

Firearms-Focused Policing aims to reduce armed violence and crimes committed with firearms by means of strategies aimed at restricting firearm manufacturing and sales, interrupting the illegal supply of firearms, discouraging possession, reducing firearm carrying in public places, toughening responses to the illegal use of firearms, reducing the demand for firearms, promoting responsible possession, and addressing the community conditions that foster firearms crime.

Parenting programs encompass various initiatives aimed at reducing the incidence of intrafamily violence, including maltreatment, child neglect and/or abuse, intimate partner violence, and domestic violence in general. To this end, these interventions articulate components aimed at promoting healthy family relationships and reinforcing protective family profiles.