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Description

Focused Deterrence seeks to change the behavior of offenders by understanding the underlying dynamics that produce crime and the conditions that sustain recurring criminal problems, as well as implementing a combined focused strategy of law enforcement actions, community mobilization, and social services. These strategies are also known as “Pulling Levers”.
This type of focused deterrence in particular aims to reduce drug trafficking and drug-related violence in certain communities. The strategy – called “Drug Market Intervention” – considers that the drug problem is linked to drug markets and involves integrated work between the police, the Public Prosecutor’s Office, the judiciary, and the prison system, as well as social healthcare services, combining deterrence with community mobilization.
In the specific case of these interventions, street dealers are identified, violent offenders are arrested, and criminal cases are suspended for non-violent dealers. The latter are called to meetings in a process referres to as “call-ins”, in which their families, the police and criminal justice authorities, service providers (who provide jobs and public services), and community leaders are involved. During those meetings they are told directly that their involvement in drug trafficking must end and that, although the community cares about them, it rejects their behavior.

Country of application
  • United States
Evidence

A systematic review with a meta-analysis by the Campbell Collaboration evaluated the three existing types of focused deterrence: on violent groups, on highly violent individuals, and on open drug markets [1]. The evidence found indicates that focused deterrence in general (containing these three types) is an effective mechanism for reducing crime and violence.
Specifically, deterrence focused on open drug markets has a statistically significant effect on crime reduction, although the average effect size is considered modest. A total of 9 studies on deterrence programs focused on open drug markets were included in the systematic review, which evaluated their impact on different variables associated with crime. Although it registered the smallest effect size among the three types of intervention, when only interventions without any issues to do with implementation fidelity are analyzed (5 of the 9), the effect of this type of program doubles in size.

Bibliography

[1] Braga, A. A., Weisburd, D., Turchan, B. (2019). Focused deterrence strategies effects on crime: A systematic review. Campbell Systematic Reviews. e1051. https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1051

Evaluated cases

Why might the cases evaluated have different levels of effectiveness in relation to their respective type of solution?
Click here to understand why.

Some cases were not included in the evidence bank due to deficiencies detected in the methodology of their impact evaluations.
Click here to see the list

 

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